BELOVED BY TONI MORRISON: FREE TEACHING GUIDE / LESSON PLAN

CHAPTER 10

Summary

In this chapter, Paul D relives his experiences after leaving Sweet Home. He was forced into a chain gang in Georgia as punishment for threatening to kill Brandywine, the man to whom Schoolteacher sold him. Then Paul D is subjected to horribly dehumanizing treatment. Along with 45 other men imprisoned with him, he was awakened by a rifle shot each day. He was then often forced to perform oral sex on a white guard before being sent to the fields to do a difficult day's work. Since talking to each other was not tolerated, the men sang mournful tunes as they worked and communicated through gestures. The misery continued for eighty-six days, until it began to rain. Since the bad weather continued for days, the jailers locked the men, still chained to each other, in cages down below. From their cages, they heard the water rising and watched the earth turn to mud. They decided that they could dive through the mud and climb under their bars. Successful in their endeavor, they walked away from the prison camp as a group. The men, still bound together, traveled until they came upon a camp of Cherokees, who fed them and helped them to break the chain. As each freed prisoner began to feel stronger, he left the Cherokee camp on his own. Paul D was the last of the prisoners at the camp, for he did not know where to go. Finally, he decided to head north and traveled until he reached Delaware, where he met a female weaver. He stayed with her for eighteen months.

Notes

This entire chapter is a flashback of Paul D's life from the time he is tied to a wagon and taken away from Sweet Home to the time he reaches freedom in Delaware. It only reenters the present time of the novel in the last short paragraph, when Paul D's heart is described as a tobacco tin that is rusted shut and filled with all his horrible memories. Paul D's escape experience contrasts markedly with Sethe's flight; he has no where to go once he has his freedom, while Sethe was determined to get to 124 Bluestone to be with her family.

Paul D's treatment in the Georgia prison camp is horrid and dehumanizing. He is chained to his fellow prisoners, locked in a cell underground, forced to perform oral sex on the brutal prison guards, and made to grueling labor in the fields. The only relief to the misery is the solidarity he feels with the other prisoners. Since they are not allowed to speak to each other, they communicate in songs and gestures. When bad weather turns the earth to mud, they plan their escape together, diving to freedom through the mud. The solidarity of the group emphasizes a central theme of Morrison's novel: people can best resist oppression if they act in concert with each other.

The welcome the prisoners receive by the Cherokees is significant. Both blacks and native Americans were terribly oppressed by the white man; as a result, the Cherokees understand the needs of the escaped black prisoners and allow them to stay in their camp until they are strong enough to travel. Paul D is the last prisoner to leave the Cherokees. He is reluctant to go, for he has no family to find and no destination in mind. When he departs, he is simply heading North. He winds up in Delaware and meets a female weaver, who takes him in. He stays with her for a year and a half, since he has no place else to go.

CHAPTER 11

Summary

Beloved is responsible for moving Paul D out of 124 Bluestone even though Paul D believes he is moving himself. He falls asleep one night after supper, sitting upright in a rocking chair. Instead of feeling sore from the uncomfortable position, he feels refreshed when he awakes. The next evening, he does the same thing. He continues to have sex with Sethe every morning, but he keeps finding himself sleeping away from her. One night, Paul D decides to sleep in Baby Suggs' old room. Sethe does not object since she is now used to sleeping alone. Paul D cannot understand his own behavior. He believes he loves Sethe more every day, but he finds himself moving further away from her physically and emotionally. He soon begins to sleep in the storeroom, then in the cold house. Once there, he realizes the moving is involuntary.

One night Beloved walks into the cold house where Paul D is staying and tells him that she wants him to touch her "on the inside part" and call her by her name. She then hoists her skirt. Tempted but trying to resist, Paul D keeps his eyes glued to the lard can and off Beloved. Her temptations continue, and he finally gives in to his desire. After betraying Sethe, Paul D notices that the rusted-shut lid on the tobacco tin has come loose. Beloved has stirred his true emotions, causing him to repeatedly say, "Red heart."

Notes

In this short chapter, Beloved seduces Paul D. Her ghostly powers are so strong that Paul D cannot resist her even though he diligently tries. Morrison has foreshadowed Beloved's temptations by having her watch the mating turtle with fascination. The reader clearly understands that Beloved wants to tempt Paul D in order to keep him away from Sethe, whom she wants all to herself.

It is significant that Beloved wants Paul D to call her by name. She is a being in desperate need of recognition. Having been deprived of her mother when she was a toddler and still unrecognized by her, Beloved feels she never had owned an identity; now as a young adult, she wants someone to truly name her.

Paul D reacts to his having betrayed Sethe and the family he has formed with her. After having sex with Beloved, he notices that the lid of his tin can, which has been rusted shut, comes loose. Since he believes that the tin can is the replacement for his hardened hard, Paul D realizes that his actions have caused him to have genuine feelings once again. It is a step in his healing process, and one he must make in order to live a full life with Sethe. It is ironic that what Beloved has done to drive Paul D away from Sethe will have the opposite outcome. Beloved has caused him to have feelings once again, which will help him to form a permanent relationship with Sethe.

Beloved by Toni Morrison Free BookNotes Summary

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